A Modern Theory of Ethics

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

—

Title

A Modern Theory of Ethics

Language

en

Book source

Global Grey

Description max 80 words

Olaf Stapledon presents a rigorous modern framework for ethics, arguing that 'good' is rooted in the self-fulfilment of active substance. Blending contemporary scientific thought with ancient wisdom, this work addresses disillusionment and the need for a new moral foundation. It explores the nature of conation, the conflict between individual and social tendencies, and the ultimate ideal of cosmic fulfilment.

Summary up to 500 words

In 'A Modern Theory of Ethics,' Olaf Stapledon constructs a philosophical system designed to address the ethical crises of the early 20th century. The work begins by identifying three prevailing doubts that plagued thoughtful persons: the indifference of the universe, the insincerity of human nature, and the meaninglessness of moral distinctions. Stapledon argues that while the cosmological question regarding the universe's attitude toward humanity is secondary, the psychological and ethical questions remain urgent. He proposes that the essence of 'good' is self-fulfilment, derived from the needs of organisms of all ranks. Stapledon challenges the traditional instinct theory, suggesting that conation (the power to act) arises from the cognition of any objective tendency, not just biological imperatives. He distinguishes between momentary impulses and enduring tendencies, as well as between individual instincts and emergent social tendencies. A significant portion of the text analyzes 'irrational choice' and the conflicts that arise when social duties clash with innate drives. The author posits that human behaviour is not merely a projection of primitive needs but an expansion of the self through the intelligent cognition of a wider field of objective tendencies. He critiques hedonism and utilitarianism, asserting that pleasure is not the sole constituent of good. Instead, he advocates for a teleological view where the ultimate goal is the fullest possible fulfilment of the latent capacities of the cosmos itself. The work concludes with a vision of 'ecstasy' and 'moral zeal,' suggesting that if the universe possesses a hyper-biological unity, then worshipping this unity is not futile. Ultimately, the book calls for social policies that enable all individuals to achieve their highest potential, grounding ethical obligation in the objective reality of the universe rather than subjective feeling or divine command.

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4.2/5

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Categories

• Philosophy
• Society