History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

505

Title

History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom

Language

en

Book source

Project Gutenberg

Description max 80 words

Andrew Dickson White argues that historical interference by dogmatic theology with science has harmed both fields, while free scientific inquiry ultimately benefits religion and society. This work advocates for the separation of church and state in education to promote moral progress.

Summary up to 500 words

In *History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom*, Andrew Dickson White argues that historical conflicts between science and religion were not battles between science and true faith, but rather clashes between scientific inquiry and rigid dogmatic theology. Drawing on his experience founding Cornell University free from sectarian control, White illustrates how religious authorities often obstructed scientific advancement for the sake of preserving doctrinal authority. He contends that untrammeled scientific investigation invariably leads to the highest good for both faith and society, whereas interference in science's name has historically resulted in dire evils. White provides a stark historical example from the plague era to demonstrate this antagonism. During times of pestilence, theological reasoning often promoted filth and persecution rather than sanitation. Medieval saints were celebrated for their physical uncleanliness, with legends claiming that washing one's body signified pride. Consequently, clergy and monks suffered high mortality rates due to a lack of hygienic precautions. Furthermore, theological logic frequently attributed disease to divine wrath or Satanic malice. This led to the persecution of Jews, who were falsely accused of poisoning wells despite their superior sanitary practices, and the burning of witches. White notes that even Pope Clement VI struggled against these popular unreasons. The book serves as a plea for intellectual freedom, asserting that the conflict represents two epochs in human thought: the theological and the scientific. Through comparative anthropology, mythology, and evolutionary theory, White demonstrates how modern science has dissolved ancient myths. He argues that sacred texts should be viewed not as collections of infallible oracles, but as literature reflecting humanity's moral ascent. By applying scientific criticism, scholars have transformed the understanding of scripture from a source of dogmatic fetichism into a record of the 'Ascent of Man.' This evolution reveals a progression from tribal gods and cruel behaviors to the ideals of universal fatherhood and brotherhood. Ultimately, White presents science not as an enemy of religion, but as a force that purifies religious understanding, allowing humanity to access higher moral truths previously obscured by myth and superstition.

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Categories

• Religion
• History
• Science