Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Italy" to "Jacobite Church" / Volume 15, Slice 1

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

41343

Title

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Italy" to "Jacobite Church" / Volume 15, Slice 1

Language

en

Book source

Project Gutenberg

Description max 80 words

This volume of the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica offers a comprehensive survey of diverse topics ranging from the geography and agriculture of Italy to the history of the Jacobite Church. Written by a distinguished array of scholars, it provides authoritative entries on historical events, economic data, and cultural phenomena, serving as an essential reference for general knowledge and specialized research.

Summary up to 500 words

Volume XV, Slice I of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, offers a comprehensive survey of Italy and the Jacobite Church, reflecting the rigorous scholarship of early 20th-century experts. The volume begins with an extensive overview of Italy, detailing its geography, climate, and complex land tenure systems. It examines the nation's mineral wealth, particularly sulfur, iron, and zinc, alongside its fisheries and industrial progress driven by abundant water power. The text also addresses the volatile political tensions between Italy and Austria, highlighting issues such as the annexation of Bosnia, the Triple Alliance, and the Balkan question. Historical sections trace the Italian narrative from barbarian invasions through the Renaissance and Napoleonic era, citing key works by authors like Hodgkin and Villari. The volume concludes with a detailed entry on the Jacobite Church, explaining its origins with James Baradaeus, its Monophysite beliefs, persecution under Justinian, and its eventual decline due to secessions to Rome. Authored by specialists such as F. C. C. and E. H. M., the entries are grounded in factual data and bibliographies that reflect the high standards of the era. The Italian section further explores the nation's financial operations, the prevalence of leasehold and mezzadria farming, and the specific challenges posed by malaria in certain districts. The industrial analysis notes the shift from imported goods to domestic manufacturing, utilizing electricity generated from water turbines. The political narrative emphasizes how Austrian actions in the Balkans threatened Italian interests, prompting a national movement for security and military expansion. Meanwhile, the entry on the Jacobite Church details the life of James Baradaeus, who restored the Syrian Monophysite Church in the 6th century, and describes their liturgical practices, such as using one finger for the sign of the cross to signify Christ's single nature. The text notes the church's severe persecution and the significant demographic decline caused by conversions to Rome in the 19th century, aided by French consular protection. Together, these articles provide a rich tapestry of geographical, economic, political, and religious history.

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Categories

• Encyclopedias and dictionaries