The Histories of Polybius, Vol. 2 (of 2)

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

44126

Title

The Histories of Polybius, Vol. 2 (of 2)

Language

en

Book source

Project Gutenberg

Description max 80 words

Polybius's second volume chronicles the Hannibalian War's conclusion, Scipio Africanus's brilliant campaigns in Spain, and Roman diplomatic maneuvers in Greece. The text offers a character-driven analysis of Scipio's prudence and liberality, contrasting calculated leadership with reliance on fortune. Rich with historical detail on Mediterranean tribes and cities, this work appeals to readers of classical history seeking insight into Roman statecraft and military genius.

Summary up to 500 words

In this second volume of his *Histories*, Polybius continues the narrative of Rome's ascent to hegemony, focusing on the recovery of Tarentum and the legendary exploits of Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus in Iberia. Polybius dedicates significant effort to correcting the prevailing misconception that Scipio's success was merely the result of good fortune. Instead, he portrays Scipio as a man of acute judgment, sober calculation, and unwavering moral integrity. The text details Scipio's character development from his youth, highlighting his rescue of his wounded father during a cavalry engagement near the Po River and his strategic election as aedile, which he achieved not through dreams but through calculated political maneuvering and genuine popularity. His moral fortitude is further illustrated by his generous treatment of his family and allies, including renouncing his inheritance to equalize his wealth with his poorer brother and funding gladiatorial games for his father's funeral. The narrative shifts to Scipio's military campaigns in Spain. Despite the recent disasters suffered by his father, the younger Scipio crossed the Ebro River with confidence, exploiting the disunity among Carthaginian commanders and the treachery of the Celtiberians. He executed a surprise attack on New Carthage, a feat of strategic brilliance that Polybius attributes to close calculation rather than luck. Beyond Spain, the volume covers Roman interventions in Greece and Illyria. Polybius describes the purification of the region following the deaths of tyrants like Charops in Epirus and Lyciscus in Aetolia, whose removal ended civil strife and restored harmony. The text also addresses diplomatic disputes involving Athens and the Delians regarding the island of Delos. Throughout the work, Polybius emphasizes that Scipio's achievements were the natural consequences of his early conduct, prudence, and physical courage honed by hunting in Macedonia. The volume concludes with an extensive index of names and places, providing a comprehensive reference for the era's political and military landscape. By presenting these events, Polybius aims to demonstrate that Roman greatness was built on virtue and intelligence, not chance, offering a credible account of history for his readers.

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4.2/5

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Categories

• Classics
• History