A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

34513

Title

A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations

Language

en

Book source

Project Gutenberg

Description max 80 words

J. M. Wheeler's comprehensive biographical dictionary chronicles the lives of freethinkers, skeptics, and atheists from all ages and nations. Rejecting the orthodox classifications of previous works, this volume highlights individuals who advanced free inquiry despite persecution. It serves as a vital historical record, celebrating the 'noble army of martyrs' and documenting the diverse contributions of those who challenged superstition and religious dogma throughout history.

Summary up to 500 words

In the preface to *A Biographical Dictionary of Freethinkers of All Ages and Nations*, author J. M. Wheeler asserts that many of the world's most distinguished figures are complete skeptics who refrain from speaking out due to various motives. He aims to correct the historical record by documenting these 'worthiest men and women' who have been freethinkers, distinguishing his work from earlier compilations like Sylvain Maréchal's or Julian Hibbert's, which he deems incomplete or erroneous. Wheeler explicitly states his purpose is not to list every rejecter of Christian dogma, but to record those who contributed to the advance of freethought in their generation. He acknowledges the existence of martyrs whose names are known only through the vituperation of their adversaries and strives to preserve a trustworthy record of them. The text proceeds to detail the lives of numerous individuals, including French writer Montesquieu, German philosopher Schopenhauer, and American journalist Seaver, among many others. Entries cover a wide range of professions and backgrounds, from scientists like Eduard Schmidt and physicians like André Morin to poets like Hegésippe Moreau and statesmen like Victor Schœlcher. The dictionary notes the specific contributions of these figures to freethought, such as their writings on materialism, their opposition to clericalism, or their participation in revolutionary movements. Wheeler admits to omitting some names, such as foreign liberal Protestants, while including others like Bishop Colenso, justifying his selections based on their specific contributions to the cause. He expresses hope that his work will contribute to the history of 'the good old cause,' a history he believes has yet to be fully written. The volume serves as both a bibliography of freethought and a tribute to the intellectual courage required to pursue truth in the face of established religious authority.

LLM editorial rating

4.2/5

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Categories

• Philosophy
• Biography