Biographia Literaria

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

6081

Title

Biographia Literaria

Language

en

Book source

Project Gutenberg

Description max 80 words

Samuel Taylor Coleridge's seminal work explores the nature of poetic imagination, distinguishing it from fancy, and critiques contemporary literary trends. Blending autobiography with philosophical inquiry, it addresses the Lyrical Ballads controversy and defines the principles of true poetry against the backdrop of early 19th-century intellectual debates.

Summary up to 500 words

In *Biographia Literaria*, Samuel Taylor Coleridge constructs a foundational text of Romantic criticism aimed at resolving enduring controversies regarding poetic diction and the true character of the poet. Structured as a series of chapters blending personal reflection with rigorous philosophy, the work moves from Coleridge's early career and school discipline to a profound investigation into the nature of perception and art. A central pillar of his argument is the distinction between 'fancy' and the 'esemplastic' power of 'imagination.' Coleridge posits that true poetry is ideal and generic, rather than merely rustic or descriptive, thereby defending the necessity of a literary aristocracy composed of learned men capable of achieving spiritual depth in great art. Coleridge critically examines associationist theories derived from Hartley and Locke, refuting both materialism and dualism to propose an integrated view of perception. He dedicates significant attention to critiquing William Wordsworth's theories in the Preface to *Lyrical Ballads*, specifically challenging Wordsworth's emphasis on low rustic life and common speech. Coleridge argues that the best parts of language are the product of philosophers, not clowns or shepherds, and that poetry must be elevated above mere imitation of everyday conversation. His critique extends to German philosophy, engaging deeply with the works of Kant, Fichte, and Schelling. The text includes extensive anecdotes from Coleridge's travels to Hamburg, featuring conversations with the poet Klopstock, where they discuss the superior power of the German language to concentrate meaning and the nature of poetic composition. Through these discussions and his vindication of the complexity inherent in the highest poetry, Coleridge establishes a framework that elevates the poet's role, insisting on the logic and spiritual necessity that underpins the greatest literary works.

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Categories

• Biography
• Poetry
• Aesthetics
• Criticism