The Indian To-day: The Past and Future of the First American

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

27448

Title

The Indian To-day: The Past and Future of the First American

Language

en

Book source

Project Gutenberg

Description max 80 words

Charles A. Eastman, formerly Ohiyesa, chronicles the transition of the North American Indian from a nomadic, spiritually centered existence to modern citizenship. Blending personal biography with sociological analysis, this authoritative manual explores tribal customs, the impacts of federal policy, and the enduring spiritual and philosophical contributions of Indigenous peoples to the American nation.

Summary up to 500 words

In *The Indian To-day: The Past and Future of the First American*, Charles A. Eastman (Ohiyesa) presents a profound reassessment of the North American Indian, challenging the prevailing notion of a 'vanishing race' by arguing instead for a progressive people adapting to a new era. Born in 1858 near Redwood Falls, Minnesota, Eastman survived the trauma of the 1862 Minnesota massacre, was raised by his grandmother, and later reunited with his father, who had adopted white customs. His unique path took him from the nomadic Sioux life to graduating from Dartmouth College and Boston University Medical School in 1890. As a government physician, YMCA secretary, and tribal attorney, Eastman serves as both a historical witness and a bridge between cultures. Eastman contrasts the spiritual and democratic governance of the original tribal society with the materialism of modern civilization. He describes the Sioux government as a pure democracy rooted in justice and reverence for the 'Great Mystery,' where individual valor was celebrated in duels rather than territorial conquest. He critically examines the 'Agency System,' exposing how rations were often distributed to the indolent while industry was penalized, though he praises recent shifts toward self-support and agricultural training. The book highlights the indispensable role of Indian women, who served as spiritual teachers and moral guardians, noting their struggle to maintain dignity as societal roles shifted. Refuting the idea that progress requires formal education, Eastman cites unlettered leaders like Little Turtle and Chief Cloud Man who championed peace and civilization. He honors historic figures such as Pocahontas, Sacajawea, and Catherine of the Ojibway, whose bravery saved colonies and expeditions. Eastman emphasizes the Indian's capacity for service, from scouting and rescuing white captives to fighting in the Civil War and Spanish-American War. Ultimately, he asserts that the Indian's greatest contribution is spiritual and philosophical, offering a model of simple living and self-denial. He calls for the preservation of Indigenous languages and the integration of Native wisdom into youth organizations like the Boy Scouts, urging the nation to recognize the Indian's full citizenship and enduring legacy.

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Categories

• Biography
• History