The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 3 (of 6)

Metadata

Gutenberg ID

59131

Title

The Natural History of Pliny, Volume 3 (of 6)

Language

en

Book source

Project Gutenberg

Description max 80 words

This volume of Pliny's Natural History offers a comprehensive survey of the natural world, blending empirical observation with ancient superstition. Readers will explore detailed classifications of animals, plants, and human anatomy, alongside practical agricultural advice and fascinating anecdotes about Roman life, all presented in a scholarly yet accessible 19th-century translation.

Summary up to 500 words

Volume III of Pliny the Elder's *Natural History*, translated by John Bostock and H.T. Riley, continues the encyclopedic survey of the natural world with a profound focus on botany, zoology, and human anatomy. The volume opens with an examination of bee products, specifically *erithace* and *sandaraca*, noting their production from tree juices and their sensitivity to wind conditions. The text then transitions to a detailed catalog of Roman cheeses, highlighting regional specialties such as the massive cheeses of Luna and the smoked goat cheese of Rome, while discussing the influence of pasture on flavor and the aging process. A significant portion is dedicated to comparative anatomy, distinguishing humans from other animals. Pliny notes that humans are the only bipeds possessing throats, shoulders, and elbows, and details the unique structure of human fingers and thumbs. He draws striking parallels between humans and apes, observing their similar facial features and internal organs, while noting differences in foot structure. The volume further investigates nails, knees, and ham joints across species, explaining how joint direction affects speed and movement. Pliny also delves into the spiritual significance of body parts, such as the knees, which were worshipped as altars, and the ears, associated with memory and the goddess Nemesis. Practical observations continue with discussions on varicose veins, gait, and the unique physiology of the camel and elephant. The botanical sections describe tree bark textures, root systems, and the specific climates required for exotic plants like balsam and cinnamon to thrive. Pliny recounts miraculous stories of trees regrowing after being cut or uprooted, framing them as auspicious omens. The volume concludes with extensive notes on vine cultivation, tree diseases, and agricultural superstitions, providing a rich tapestry of ancient knowledge that balances scientific inquiry with the mythological worldview of the Roman era.

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Categories

• Classics
• Science